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May 02 Talking about CourseWares
Quote CourseWares May 18 叶沙之情感专线+子夜书社全集下载,2007BT的,不多说,志同道合的朋友一起来加速吧。
April 22 Lawyer, attorney, barrister, solicitor and counselor at law, 噢买告.在中国简简单单一个词律师,国外搞得那么烦。小学时候学过单词law,发展到中学知道了lawyer,到了大学知道了attorney,觉得自己词汇量那个大啊,bs一下自己。现在又冒出来barrister和solicitor,还有counselor at law。名字就那么搞,别的概念不要搞死了,怪不得律师那么赚钱。不过我好奇啊,网上查了下,基本上美国比较直接的,基本上在美国只用lawyer和attorney,两者的意思基本是一样的,attorney更加时髦一点,在法庭上用得多。英国人就搞不好了,因为古老的体制关系分很多个职务,下面引用段讲得比较好的文字,有兴趣的慢慢看。
The English legal profession (and that of a number of Commonwealth countries whose legal system derives directly from the English one) has two categories of qualified lawyer: barristers and solicitors. A solicitor is entitled to represent a client in the County (Civil) Courts and in Magistrates' Court (a lower court in the English court system). They are also the main legal representation for the majority of people and companies in England and Wales: if you were buying or selling a house you would engage a solicitor to carry out the necessary legal niceties; a solicitor could assist and advise in will-making; and they may also initiate private prosecutions or assist clients against either public or private prosecutions. A barrister is a legal professional who is qualified to represent clients in Crown Court or the Higher Courts -- they can be considered roughly analagous to American "advocacy lawyers". Much of their training and abilities will lie in the courtroom skills of cross-examination and rapid thinking. Regardless of whether they represent the prosecution or the defence, a barrister never deals directly with his or her clients -- instead they will be briefed on The reason for this split between courtroom advocates and other lawyers is (as with most things in the UK legal systems) to do with the unique history of England and Great Britain. The origins date way back to the feudal Norman French system introduced from the 11th Century. The academic and training route to each of these two main branches of law differs, as do the professional bodies that oversee them. To become a solicitor a law graduate must first study a Legal Practice Course and then spend two years in practice working as a trainee (this used to be called "taking articles"). The professional body that regulates these courses is the Law Society. To become a barrister the route after graduation is to follow a Bar Vocational Course followed by a Pupillage in a firm of barristers (known as Barristers' Chambers), and this side of the profession is controlled by the Bar Council. The systems are constantly under review and reform, and there are certain moves currently underfoot which would somewhat blur the distinction between these two groups of legal professionals. To summarise: in England and Wales the term "lawyer" is a catch-all meaning simply "one who is qualified in the legal profession" (although it would rarely, if ever, be applied to judges or magistrates). Both barristers and solicitors could call themselves lawyers; however the two professions have very different skills and jurisdictions. Obviously this is only a very brief introduction to what is a very detailed subject. There is a wealth of information on the web if a more in-depth discussion is required. |
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